Ten Great Moments In Cerebus
Partly because it’s taken me *much* longer to get the next Cerebus piece up than I’d hoped (either tonight or tomorrow, even if I have to spend the entire time glued to the keyboard), and partly because at least one person I know has started reading Cerebus recently and is deeply unimpressed with the first volume, here’s a little bonus – ten of the best moments from the series, to show it does get better…
I’m missing some of my favourites out here, like the whole prayer sequence (“Cerebus is a bad flyspeck!”) because the pacing of the series tends to mean a ‘moment’ can be ten or fifteen pages. Likewise, scenes like Jaka’s conversation in prison only have resonance because of everything that’s been built up in the story previously. But here’s some of the sequences that last three pages or fewer…

The Ben-Gurions Of The Galaxy - even when the content got... unusual... the craft in Cerebus can't be bettered. From Latter Days

The Roach and Elrod as Swoon and Snuff of the Clueless, from Women. I have a copy of Women signed by Neil Gaiman...

Not only a great scene, this also prefigures the appearance of Oscar Wilde in later stories, and even Cerebus' own death. From Church & State

Page From Form & Void. I consider this the visual pinnacle of the series, but it's not really a book one can easily excerpt

Double page spread from Latter Days. Even when the story was at its least pleasant, the art is stunning
All character art, script and lettering Dave Sim. Background art Gerhard
Quick One
The High Society post is taking a phenomenal amount of time to do, but should be up tomorrow, and many thousand words long.
Linkblogging For 14/03/11
I’m still working on the High Society post, which is taking longer than I thought it would (but will be several thousand words when done), so here are some links to keep you going:
Zom has a look at the Joker in The Killing Joke
Jac Rayner, who you may know as the writer of things like Doctor Who And The Pirates, has started blogging about her experiences with M.E.
Why “the most salient aspect of Barack Obama’s character is that he is an asshole of the worst order.”
Jennie was at the Lib Dem Spring Conference this weekend, and produced what are to my mind the best posts about it – on the debates, the speeches and Q&As, and especially the mood .
And finally, since today is (in the US, anyway) half-tau day, a reminder as to why pi is wrong
How We Know What We Know 2: Occam’s Razor
(Continues from part one)
So far we’ve examined how we form a scientific theory. What we need to know now is what makes a *good* theory – how do we choose between two theories which make the same predictions?
The answer is a principle which has been known since the fourteenth century, but which is still widely misunderstood – Occam’s Razor.
What Occam’s Razor says is that when given two competing explanations, all things being equal, we should prefer the simpler one.
Intuitively, this makes sense – if we have two explanations of why telephones ring, one of which is “electrical pulses are sent down a wire” and the other is “electrical pulses are sent down a wire, except for my phone, which has magic invisible pixies which make a ringing noise and talk to me in the voices of my friends”, we can be pretty confident in dismissing the second explanation and thinking no more about it – it introduces additional unnecessary complexities into things.
It is important, however, to note that this only applies if the two competing hypotheses make the same predictions. If the magic pixie hypothesis also predicted, for example, that none of my friends would remember any of the phone calls I remembered having with them (because they were really with the pixies) then if that were correct we would have a good reason for preferring the more complex hypothesis over the less complex one – it would explain the additional datum. (In reality, we would need slightly more evidence than just my friends’ forgetfulness before we accepted the pixie hypothesis, but it would be a way to distinguish between the two hypotheses).
Another example – “There is a force that acts on all bodies, such that they are attracted to other bodies in proportion to the product of their masses and in inverse proportion to the distance in between them”. Compare to “Angels push all bodies, in such a way that they move in the same way that they would if there was a force that acted upon them, such that they were attracted to other bodies in proportion to the product of their masses and in inverse proportion to the distance in between them”. The two hypotheses make the same predictions, so we go with Newton’s theory of universal gravitation rather than the angel theory. If we discovered that if we asked the angels very nicely by name to stop pushing they would, we would have a good reason to accept the angel hypothesis.
A third, real-life example – “life-forms evolve by competing for resources, with those best able to gain resources surviving to reproduce. Over many millions of years, this competition gives rise to the vast diversity of life-forms we see around us.” versus “God made every life form distinctly, just over six thousand years ago, and planted fake evidence to make it look like life forms evolve by competing for resources, with those best able to gain resources surviving to reproduce and giving rise to the vast diversity of life-forms we see around us, in order to test our faith.”
Any possible piece of evidence for the first hypothesis is a piece of evidence for the second, and vice versa. Under those circumstances, we need to discard the second hypothesis. (Note that in doing so we are not discarding the God hypothesis altogether – this comparison says nothing about the God or gods believed in by intelligent religious people such as, say, Andrew Rilstone or Fred Clark, though of course there may well be equally good arguments against those deities. But it does give us more-than-ample reason to dismiss without further thought the vicious, evil deities worshipped by Tim LaHaye or Fred Phelps.
But hang on, doesn’t it work the other way, too? Can’t we say “that big long explanation about masses and distances is far more complicated than just saying ‘angels did it’, so we should just say that”?
Well, no… remember what we’re trying to do is find the simplest explanation for a phenomenon. if you accept gravity as an explanation, that’s a single explanation for everything. If you use the angel explanation, you have to ask about every apparent act of gravity “Why did that happen?” and get the answer “angel number forty-nine trillion decided to push that molecule in that direction” – you’re just shifting all the complexity into the word ‘angel’, not getting rid of it.
So the question now is what do we mean by ‘explanation’? After all, nothing is ever ultimately explained. We ask why things fall to the ground, we get ‘because gravity’. We ask why does gravity exist, and after a few centuries we discover it’s because mass warps space-time. We ask why that happens… and so far answer came there none. Ultimately with *any* question you can keep asking ‘why?’ and at some point we hit the boundaries of what is explicable. Does this mean that there’s no such thing as an explanation?
Clearly it doesn’t – we have an intuitive understanding of what the word ‘explanation’ means – but how can we formalise that understanding in a way that allows us to discuss it properly?
I would suggest this as a rough definition – something counts as an explanation if it is the answer to two separate questions.
By which I mean, if the force of gravity were *only* the answer to the question “why do things fall down?” then it would be no answer at all, really – it’s just shifting the problem across. “Things fall because there is a force of things-fallingness” sounds like an explanation to many people, but it doesn’t actually tell you anything new.
However, gravity is *also* the answer to the question “why do planets go in elliptical orbits around the sun?” – two apparently unrelated facts, things falling and planets going in orbit, can be explained by the same principle.
This kind of explanation can happen in all the sciences – and explanations can even cross sciences. Take cancer as an example. There are several diseases that we call cancer (lung cancer is not the same disease as leukaemia is not the same disease as a brain tumour), and they all have the same explanation – a cell starts replicating too much, and the replicated cells themselves also reproduce too fast. They compete for resources with the normal cells, and eventually starve them out, because they can reproduce faster. That explanation works for all the different diseases we call cancer, whatever their outcomes, and whatever their original cause.
But that explanation can then even be taken off into other fields. I once worked for a company that wasn’t making very many sales, and had the sales people on a salary, not just commission. They took on more sales staff, because they weren’t making very many sales – but the new sales staff didn’t make enough more sales to justify their salaries. So they took on more sales staff, because they weren’t making very many sales…
I realised, just looking at the organisation, that the sales department had literally become a cancer in the business. It was draining the business’ resources and using them to grow itself at a frightening rate while the rest of the business was being starved. I quit that job, and within six months the company had been wound up.
That’s the power of a really good explanation – it will be applicable to multiple situations, and tell you what is happening in all of them. The explanation “parts of a system that take resources from the rest of the system to grow at a rapid rate without providing resources back to the rest of the system will eventually cause the system to collapse” works equally well for biological systems and for companies. That principle is a powerful explanation, and it’s the simplest one that will make those predictions.
So now we have the two most important tools of empiricism, the basis of science – we have the concept of the simplest explanation that fits the facts, and we have the idea of feedback. Those two are all you *need* for you to be doing science – and we’ll come back to both of them later, when we talk about Bayes’ Theorem, Solomonoff Induction and Kolmogrov Complexity – but if those are your only tools it’ll take you a while to get anywhere. We also need to be able to think rigorously about our results, and the best tool we have for that is mathematics. Next, we’ll look at proof by contradiction, the oldest tool for rigorous mathematical thinking that we know of.
Also…
I’m very aware that by concentrating on the three big series of posts I’m doing at the moment (Cerebus, Beach Boys and How We Know What We Know) I might be putting off people who come to this blog for other things (Grant Morrison analysis, Lib Dem politics or whatever). So as well as trying (and admittedly failing – but aiming) to do one post for each of those things a week, I’m going to take requests – if there’s anything you want to see me write about, leave a comment here, and I’ll try to do at least one request a week
Linkblogging For 13/03/11
Apologies for the lack of bloggery recently – I was sick, and then my wife got sick, and then my computer got sick. All three are now better, and I’m going to try to get back up to speed in the next couple of days. I’m going to try to do the next part of How We Know What We Know today, the next Cerebus post either tonight or tomorrow, a post on Good Vibrations on Monday, and some time next week I’m going to finish up a half-finished thing I found on my hard drive on The Three Doctors, which was originally intended for Sci-Ence! Justice Leak!.
For now, here’s a few links:
Jonathan at Liberal England celebrates the Lib Dem leadership’s defeat over health.
Lance Parkin has a poem that Alan Moore wrote under a pseudonym for a Bauhaus album, and talks about The Gray Tradition ‘monomyth’ – those things that seem true about the work of the group of writers he’s identified as belonging to this ‘tradition’ (C.S. Lewis, Moore, Grant Morrison, Philip K Dick, Douglas Adams etc). This is at times scarily close to the novel proposal I’m putting together…
Leonard Pierce on class warfare and the situation in Wisconsin
Even the Torygraph are disgusted by the blatant lies of the No2AV anti-democracy campaign
And something that fits my interests enough that I should comment: Capitol are releasing a Smile Sessions set this year.
What’s being released is a double-CD set, one CD of which will be the Smile sessions edited to roughly match the running order of Brian Wilson’s completed Smile from 2004 (something like the Purple Chick bootleg, but hopefully better sound quality and with some stuff that’s not yet been bootlegged), the other CD will be session outtakes. There’s also going to be a four-CD-plus-two-vinyl-album-plus-two-vinyl-singles box set (which is what I’ll be buying, of course).
My predictions for this set:
Anyone buying it out of casual interest will be *severely* underwhelmed by the sheer number of plinkety-plink two-chord instrumentals. Smile’s reputation will take a huge knock.
A number of fan theorists will immediately start screaming that it doesn’t bear out their theories.
People will start conspiracy theories about material that’s not included – “Where’s the eight-minute version of Heroes & Villains? Where’s Surf’s Up Part Two? What about the Durrie Parks acetates?!”
Within six months the latter two groups will start asking “Yes, but when’s the *real* Smile going to be released?”
At least three previous attempts have been made to make a releasable album out of this material – 1967′s Smiley Smile, the album-length version on 1993′s Good Vibrations box set, and Brian Wilson’s 2004 remake/completion. If these haven’t satisfied the completists, nothing will (and for many of them ‘being satisfied’ would kind of miss the point – Smile’s importance is as much in its status as a puzzle as anything else). I remember one acquaintance, on Brian Wilson premiering his completed Smile, saying “I’ve wasted my life” and being in utter despair, because the finished work didn’t fit the interpretation he’d placed on the fragments.
I will, of course, be getting this – because I’m an obsessive fan – but unless there are *REAL* surprises, this will be more a schiolarly work than anything else. I’ll be reviewing it on here, but unless there’s a huge surprise, my advice for anyone who wants to hear Smile will be for them to pick up Brian Wilson’s 2004 completion of the work, which is a true masterpiece.
I have, however, decided what I’m going to do about book versions of my own Beach Boys reviews. I’m going to release them as three 240-ish page books. Vol 1 will cover 1961 through 1969, Vol 2 will cover everything from 1970 on, plus retrospectives with new material like Endless Harmony or this Smile box (I’ll cover the Smile material in full in that one, because that way I can give Smiley Smile the attention I think it deserves). And Vol 3 will cover the solo albums. I’m going to try to get Vol 1 out toward the end of next month…
Quick Question Re: My Beach Boys Posts
Am too sick today to write (our office appears to have a case of the flu circulating permanently – I always get rid of it within a day or so, but pick up a new one every fortnight) but have a question about the Beach Boys stuff I’ve been writing.
I’m thinking of turning those posts into a book, like the Beatles one, but if I do as I plan and cover all the legitimately available Beach Boys CDs and all the currently-available solo ones, and do them in the depth I’ve done the albums so far, then it’ll be somewhere between two and four times as long as the Beatles book. This would mean that the cost of the finished book would be correspondingly higher (this wouldn’t be a problem for the ebook versions, but would for the hardback and paperback).
Should I:
Just shut up about the Beach Boys, no-one cares
Write the posts and do them as a big thick book and expect people to pay upwards of twenty quid for a paperback copy
Write the posts and split them into a series of books (probably The Beach Boys In The 60s, The Beach Boys 1970-1996 and The Beach Boys Solo) – this would have the additional disadvantage that doing a Solo book would mean I’d have to cover the out-of-print stuff like Mike Love’s awful solo album, for completeness’ sake.
Other?
The Beach Boys On CD: Pet Sounds
A revised version of this essay appears in my book The Beach Boys On CD. If you like this, please consider buying it. Hardback Paperback PDF Kindle (US) Kindle (UK) Kindle (DE) All other ebook formats
And so we get to the most difficult Beach Boys album for me to write about. Not because it’s musically more difficult than any other album, but because it’s much harder to find new things to say about it. While I only know of a tiny number of books that deal with the Beach Boys’ music in any detail, I own two books devoted to this single album (those by Charles Granata and Kingsley Abbot, to both of which I have referred during writing this).
Before I carry on, if you want to know precisely which version I’m listening to and why, skip to the bottom. Otherwise you can just listen to the album on Spotify.
Brian Wilson’s life went through a massive change in 1965. In very late 1964 he’d both had his first nervous breakdown and got married, and then in 1965 he tried LSD for the first time, quit touring with the rest of the band, and got access to an eight-track recorder for the first time. He’d already recorded one album – Summer Days – using predominantly studio musicians, but with the album that became Pet Sounds he was going to come close to recording a solo album, using the other band members as only vocalists (and often only backing vocalists at that).
Brian had hear the Beatles album Rubber Soul (not the original UK version but the revised US tracklisting) and become enraptured with the idea of recording “a whole album with all good stuff” – it having not occured to him previously that you could record an album with no filler.
To help him write this album he turned, not to any of his previous collaborators, but to Tony Asher, an advertising copyrwiter with no previous experience of professional songwriting. The two of them would sit in Brian’s house, talking about Brian’s emotions, and then they would write the most personal songs Brian had ever written up to that point.
This should be remembered when one reads comments about Mike Love allegedly disliking Pet Sounds originally – something he denies. Up to that point, Love had effectively been the co-leader of the band. He was the frontman, wrote the bulk of the lyrics, and sang the bulk of the lead vocals, while Brian wrote the music, produced the records and sang a minority of the leads. Now there was an album which was not only stylistically different from everything they’d done before, but on which he got two lead vocals and almost no songwriting input. Pet Sounds is indubitably a masterpiece, but it’s Brian Wilson’s masterpiece, not a Beach Boys masterpiece, and one can hardly blame Love for being annoyed at being reduced to a sidekick for his cousin, especially when his livelihood was on the line.
In the event, Pet Sounds was hardly the commercial failure it has later been made out to be – it was a top ten album in both the US and the UK, and contained four top forty singles (Sloop John B, Wouldn’t It Be Nice/God Only Knows, the two sides of which charted separately in the US, and Caroline, No which made the charts in the US as a solo single for Brian Wilson). It did, however, mark the point at which the band’s commercial fortunes in its home country began to wane – even as it also marked the real beginning of their commercial and critical success elsewhere. While within eighteen months of Pet Sounds‘ release the Beach Boys would be washed up in their home country, the influence the album had on, especially, the Beatles, meant that the band’s future as critical darlings was assured in the UK and Europe.
Pet Sounds
band membership – Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Dennis Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine and Bruce Johnston (uncredited). All songs by Brian Wilson and Tony Asher except where mentioned.
Wouldn’t It Be Nice
The opening song of the album doesn’t stray too far from ‘the formula’, being a wistful love song that could, lyrically, be considered as following straight on from the last song on the band’s previous studio album – going from “he’ll be waiting, waiting just for you, one more summer and your dream comes true” to “Wouldn’t it be nice if we were older, and we wouldn’t have to wait so long?” is really no jump at all.
Musically, however, this is very different from anything the band had done previously – the only guitars one can hear are on the intro (yes, that is a guitar, played by Jerry Cole) and on the middle eight (where the same figure is doubled by Al de Lory on piano). There is apparently a second guitar on the track, played by Bill Pitman, but I don’t hear it.
Instead, we have something akin to California Girls in the way it uses whole-step chord differences – you can take individual lines from the two songs and sing them over each other, though not in the same order – but with a far more staccato rhythm that would become, in the mind of many people, a trademark of the Beach Boys’ mid-60s sound. While Brian rarely used that rhythm again, so many people copied this (starting with Penny Lane, which is very much McCartney trying to remake this specific track) that the feel of the track became a cliche.
Even so, though, most people, when they’re going for that rhythm, do so with straight piano chords. Here, on the other hand, we have the rhythm track played by two accordions, an organ, and two mandolins – a standard eight-string one and a custom twelve-string. (The ‘strings’ on the middle eight are also accordion, played with extra vibrato).
Meanwhile, rather more subtly, the song sets up the tertian movements that will recur throughout the album – we start in A for the intro, move down a third to F for the first verse, then down a minor third to D for the middle eight.
In a very real sense, then, this song is the bridge between Summer Days! (with its juvenile themes and its musical similarity to California Girls) and the rest of Pet Sounds.
Brian takes lead, with Mike singing the first two lines of the middle eight and the ‘good night baby’ tag. (Mike’s middle eight vocal part is missing from the stereo mix on the box set, replaced by Brian, but is there on later stereo remixes).
This song is the most controversial of all those over which Mike Love sued in the 1990s. While no-one disputed that he had co-written, for example, California Girls, in this case Tony Asher claims to have written the whole lyric by himself. Love, meanwhile, claims to have merely added the lines ‘Good night baby/sleep tight baby’ in the fade (a contribution which most musicians I know would consider an arrangement, rather than songwriting, contribution). Love nonetheless now has equal co-writing credit, and thanks to the terms of the judgement and of Asher’s contract, now gets a greater share of the royalties of this song than does Asher, who wrote the entire lyric.
Before I move on to the other songs, two little anecdotes.
Firstly, the first time I saw the touring ‘Beach Boys’ (Love and Johnston, plus John Cowsill of The Cowsills and various (extremely good) sidemen) was at Warwick Castle in 2001, and it was an open-air gig in some of the worst weather of my life. It was a great gig despite the weather, but it was hardly reminiscent of a California beach. Then Bruce Johnston announced they were going to play some songs from Pet Sounds, the first note of this song was played, and the rain stopped instantly. It remained bright and sunny through this, Sloop John B and God Only Knows, and through Good Vibrations. Then the band started playing Kokomo and the heavens opened again. The closest thing I’ve ever seen to evidence that there is a God (for more on which see this, the culmination of Doonesbury’s most touching story arc).
Secondly, something that has made me unable to listen to this song in quite the same light, a thread on a message board my friend Tilt pointed me to, talking about ‘great shootings in rock music’ (I Shot The Sherriff, that sort of thing), someone replied “the ice cream man at the start of Wouldn’t It Be Nice”…
You Still Believe In Me
The backing track for this was recorded before Brian and Asher started working together, and the song was provisionally titled “In My Childhood” (a phrase which fits the first five notes of the intro and also those of the verse melody perfectly), hence the appearance of bicycle bells and horns on the track, which is mostly driven by heavily-reverbed harpsichord and bass guitar.
A more interesting connection to the childhood theme, though, and one which I believe has never been remarked upon, is the horn arrrangement.
Brian has mentioned that the middle eight to Wouldn’t It Be Nice is influenced by Glenn Miller (something I can’t see myself), and it’s well known that the version of Rhapsody In Blue he first listened to growing up, which had a huge influence on him, was by the Miller orchestra. What nobody seems to have remarked on before is that the horn section here is in clear imitation of Miller’s style – Miller’s sax section was unusual in having a clarinet at the top of a stack of four saxophones. (Normally in swing music the clarinet was a separate lead instrument, as in the Benny Goodman and Artie Shaw bands, or was absent altogether).
Here Brian is clearly going for the lush sound of slower Miller pieces like Moonlight Serenade, though rather than four saxes and a clarinet he has three saxes, a clarinet and a bass clarinet. The effect – a closely-harmonised block of saxes with a clarinet on top – is still the same, however.
(To add to this, these horns come in just before the backing vocals, for four bars, and as soon as the backing vocals come in they all drop out except the clarinet – the most voice-like of the instruments, this stays in as part of the vocal blend. Astonishingly clever stuff).
One other thing to note, but which you can’t miss, is the way the instrumentation drops down to just a bass ‘heartbeat’. This will be another recurring theme throughout this album.
The intro, which was recorded later, is Brian holding the keys down on a piano while Tony Asher plucks the strings inside it, with Brian double-tracked singing the same notes (if you listen closely you can hear that for the last few notes he attempts to harmonise on the lower of the two tracks and fluffs it slightly).
Lyrically, this is all Asher, which is surprising, as it fits precisely the themes that go throughout Wilson’s work, of the Goddess-like lover forgiving the imperfect, unworthy man. But Asher and Wilson collaborated so closely at this point that Asher was definitely writing ‘as Brian Wilson’ rather than as himself – writing lyrics that fit the things Wilson wanted to talk about.
Brian Wilson takes the lead (double-tracked), and Mike Love sings the answering wordless phrase after “I wanna cry”.
That’s Not Me
The most traditionally Beach Boys sounding track on the album, this is also the only track on which the Beach Boys themselves play – Brian plays organ, Carl guitar and Dennis drums on the basic track, with either Al Jardine or Terry Melcher on tambourine, depending on who you believe. There were only minimal overdubs by session players, and this startlingly empty-sounding track actually points the way forward, more than any other track on Pet Sounds, to the organ-dominated sparse productions on Smiley Smile and Friends, even while pointing backwards to earlier songs, with its Mike lead with Brian singing odd lines (he sings “you needed my love and I know that I left at the wrong time” and “I’m glad I left now I’m that much more sure that we’re ready”).
Probably the closest thing to filler on the album, this still works thematically and provides a welcome minor respite between the two most emotionally intense pieces on the album.
Don’t Talk (Put Your Head On My Shoulder)
A strong contender for one of the most beautiful love songs ever written, attention has often been called – rightly – to the way the bass part and the tympani on this both take the role of the heartbeat mentioned in the lyrics. But the real beauty of this song (which features no Beach Boys other than Brian) is in the exquisite chord sequence. While there are guitars on here (one tremelo one and the other playing a simple answering phrase), what holds the track together is the string sextet (and the organ pad), and that’s because the chords here, with their close clustering, and with movement mostly being by single steps in one or two notes of the chords, are perfect for strings.
Listen to the way the chords under the line “I can hear so much in your sighs” slowly open up – we start with Ebm, then add in the seventh. We then move that seventh down to make Ebm6 (minor sixths turn up all over Pet Sounds) but now have F# (the minor third) in the bass – the album, again, is full of thirds and fifths in the bass, rather than the conventional root note. And from there we move smoothly to F7, which has the same C and Eb notes in the chord while the other two notes have moved down a tone and a semitone. In this sequence we’ve started with a tight, closed minor chord and ended up with an open, happy major chord with seventh, while never moving more than half the notes in the chord, and never by more than a tone. And we’ve moved up a tone even though all the individual progressions have been down.
That part is, of course, played on the organ – the strings haven’t come in yet at that part – but this sort of thing is tailor-made for creating interesting chord voicings out of interweaving melodies, and that’s what Brian does. The string overdub for this track – which can be heard separately on the Pet Sounds Sessions box set – works without any of the rest of the instruments, and is some of the most sophisticated arrangement work I’ve ever heard in a pop/rock context.
But of course none of that would matter if the melody itself didn’t stand up – but it does. As Elvis Costello said (when talking about an album he made in collaboration with opera singer Anne Sofie Von Otter, on which she sang this and You Still Believe In Me) “Last summer, I heard ‘Don’t Talk (Put Your Head on My Shoulder)’ played on the cello. It sounded beautiful and sad, just as it does on Pet Sounds. So now you know, if all the record players in the world get broken tomorrow, these songs could be heard a hundred years from now.”
He’s right,
I’m Waiting For The Day
Brian’s least favourite song on the album, this was also (on its original release) the only song to credit Mike Love as a co-writer. Originally written in 1964 (when a slightly different version was copyrighted under Brian’s name alone), this is the one song on the album that I could imagine writing myself – the chord changes are simplistic, with only the minor sixth in the chorus to give it any real flavour.
Nonetheless, it’s a triumph of arrangement – the pounding timpani intro (played by Gary Coleman, presumably not the famous one), the flute trio, and the shifts in tempo add a huge amount of interest to an otherwise by-the-numbers song, as does the string interlude which comes out of nowhere before the outro, which sounds like it’s wandered in from an altogether better song.
Apparently Brian sings all the parts on this himself, though if he does the bass part is lower than I’ve ever heard him sing on anything else.
Let’s Go Away For A While
A gorgeous instrumental piece of vibraphone-led exotica, inspired by Burt Bacharach, about which I can’t find much to say other than that it’s beautiful and it fits with the album.
One thing I *can* say though is that I am *certain* I hear voices singing wordlessly along with the melody on the fade – I’d go so far as to say I can identify one of the voices as Brian’s then-wife Marilyn Wilson. There are no vocalists credited, no vocal tracks exist, and I have never seen anyone else mention this, but I swear I can hear it. Am I going mad?
Sloop John B
And so after three Brian Wilson solo tracks in a row, at the end of side one we finally get another Beach Boys performance, and a fine one it is too.
Suggested by Al Jardine, the resident folkie of the group, this is a West Indian folk song that had been recorded by, among others, the Weavers and the Kingston Trio. Jardine modified the song slightly (adding in the Bbm chord, for a grand total of four chords) in the expectation that he would get to sing lead.
In fact Brian took Jardine’s idea and turned it into a test for the type of production he would use on the Pet Sounds album – this song was recorded before much of the rest of the album and was originally intended as a stand-alone single – having the song driven by glockenspiel, flute and twelve-string guitar and writing an ornate vocal arrangement, including the song’s a capella break, which inspired the Beatles’ similar use of the technique in Paperback Writer.
While Jardine didn’t, as he had assumed, get to sing solo lead, he is one of three lead vocalists here. Brian takes the lead on the first verse, then Brian and Jardine harmonise on the first chorus (Wilson changed the lyric of the song from “I feel so break up” to “I feel so broke up”, and you can clearly hear Jardine sing “brea-oke up”), Love takes the second verse (“the first mate he got drunk”) and then Brian takes the last verse.
An incredible feat of arrangement and production, and a great single, this ultimately is something of an outlier in the Beach Boys’ work – Brian Wilson trying his production techniques on something utterly different from their usual material, rather than being something that fits the rest of the album.
God Only Knows
It’s difficult to talk dispassionately about this song as, more than any other track on the album, it’s the kind of perfect construction that seems to come as one piece, perfectly formed. Good as, say, Don’t Talk (Put Your Head On My Shoulder) is, I can imagine writing it myself, were I talented enough. I can look at it afterward and see why Brian made the choices he made, and retrace his steps. God Only Knows, on the other hand, is not a song that can really be pulled apart and put back together again. Other than the key change for the instrumental break, the song is only twelve bars of actual musical material, repeated in a very simple ballad form, but those twelve bars are just astonishingly beautiful.
In fact, pretty much all the production work on this track seems to have been about stripping it down. The backing track is still full at crucial points, with violin, flute, French horn, harpsichord and accordion at points – but the first verse has only piano, bass, and percussion (provided by Jim Gordon, whose contributions to mid-period Beach Boys records tend to get airbrushed out of history due to his unfortunate later history). This builds during the song, but despite having eighteen different musicians, the song never gets overloaded.
But in order to get that sparse feel, Brian had to try a number of different effects in the studio. The idea of playing the instrumental bridge staccatto came from session pianist Don Randi, the beautiful three-part vocal round at the end was originally sung over a block of ‘bop bop bops’ sung by the whole band plus Brian’s wife and sister-in-law and Terry Melcher, and early mixes feature a godawful sax solo in place of the wordless vocals in the middle.
Lyrically, the song is interesting in that while it starts off very cleverly – “I may not always love you, but…” being one of the more arresting openings of a love song – the sheer force of the obsession in the lyrics comes off as a little creepy. I’ve seen this referred to as ‘the most beautiful suicide song of all time’ and while that’s not entirely true, it’s certainly a self-obsessed song in a way that few of Brian Wilson’s are. The ‘you’ being sung to is only important insofar as she affects the singer and how the singer affects her. “I may not always love you, but that’s OK because I’ll just prove that I do. On the other hand if you ever stop loving me I’ll have no reason to live”. This is a beautiful song but not, perhaps, an especially healthy one.
Which is why the single best decision Brian made was to have his brother Carl sing this one. While Brian’s vocals (audible on earlier mixes on the Pet Sounds Sessions box set) work, they have an intensity to them that pushes the song further into creepiness. Carl, on the other hand, sings with an angelic innocence and purity that takes the sting out of the words – the ‘if you should ever leave me’ becomes as unlikely as the ‘I may not always love you’, because he’s absolutely undisturbed by the line. This is the vocal with which Carl established himself as the new de facto lead singer of the band.
The only other vocalists to be featured on the track are Brian and Bruce – on the tag Brian sings both the low and high parts, while Bruce answers him in the same way he did on California Girls.
I Know There’s An Answer
An odd one out on the album, this song was written by Brian with the band’s then road manager, Terry Sachem, and is a hippie berate-everyone-else song in the style that George Harrison would later make his own, though with clunkier lyrics – “I know so many people who think they can do it alone/they isolate their heads and stay in their safety zone” is a bit of a come-down from the careful crafting of Tony Asher’s lyrics to the previous song.
Musically simple, this is notable instrumentally mostly for the use of the bass harmonica (which was to inspire its use on various tracks on Sgt Pepper the next year) and the banjo (played by Glen Campbell). Vocally, it’s interesting to see just how alike the various Beach Boys could sound – Mike Love takes the first line of each verse, Al Jardine the rest of the verse, and Brian the chorus, yet most people would swear it was a single lead vocalist throughout.
It’s also notable for being the cause of one of the biggest arguments the band would have during the making of this album – Mike Love thought the chorus lyrics “Hang on to your ego/Hang on but I know that you’re gonna lose the fight” were a reference to the LSD-inspired idea of ‘ego death’, and insisted on rewriting those lines to “I know there’s an answer/I know now but I had to find it by myself”, as well as changing “how can I come on when I know I’m guilty?” to “how can I come on and tell them the way that they live could be better?”
Here Today
While Brian was working on this album, he was also working on the single Good Vibrations (of which more next week…), and several of the Beach Boys have said they think that track should have been included on this album.
I disagree – the song wouldn’t have fit – but if we had had a hypothetical Pet Sounds Vibrations this is what it would have sounded like. The last collaboration between Wilson and Asher, this is a halfway house between That’s Not Me and Good Vibrations, having a Mike Love lead and being in the keys of A and F#m, like the former, while being created as a patchwork out of ideas that had come up in the GV sessions – it has the same organ-and-plucked-bass verse, the same quiet verses building up to big choruses, and so on. (Both start with a change down from a minor chord to a major a tone below, both are built around descending chord sequences). This sounds very much of a part with the early, R&B-influenced, takes of Good Vibrations that were being recorded at that time.
There are some nice musical ideas – the descending trombone bassline in the chorus, for example – but this isn’t a song anyone involved (except Bruce Johnston) has any especial love for, and it’s easy to see why. While a good track – it’s easily one of the most commercial things on the album – it’s ultimately a piece where its composer took a few experimental ideas and forced them into a conventional shape just to get something done.
The mono mix of this is also famously shoddy, with studio noise leaking all over the instrumental break. This studio noise is actually isolated as a hidden track on one of the discs of the Pet Sounds Sessions box set, and consists of some breath noises, some attempts at hitting a falsetto note, Bruce saying “do you have that attached to the flash, do you have it rigged up?”, someone (Dennis?) replying “Yeah, I do”, Bruce saying “very good” and Brian shouting “top please!” to get the tape rewound. So now you know what that was. (These noises aren’t on the stereo mix). (There are actually more noises under the second verse too, but these have never been isolated like that, officially at least).
One of the only two songs on the album with a Mike lead vocal, this is also one of the most “Beach Boys” sounding tracks, to the extent that the current touring “Beach Boys” occasionally perform it live (very creditably – though oddly Bruce takes lead on the lines starting on a D chord (e.g. “A brand new love affair is such a beautiful thing”, the first half of the bridges)).
I Just Wasn’t Made For These Times
Possibly the most ‘Brian’ song on the album, while Tony Asher wrote the lyrics for this he’s stated many times that he was pretty much taking dictation, and has never really ‘got’ the emotions behind it.
Singing in a low register where he sounds at times uncannily like his brother Dennis (listen especially to his pronunciation of the word ‘found’ in the second verse, and compare to Dennis’ vocals on the very similar In The Back Of My Mind), the sentiments here are perhaps a little jejune, but nonetheless from the heart, and this song had a huge impact on me when I was 16. The line “they say I got brains, but they ain’t doing me no good/I wish they could” probably did more to make me a Beach Boys fan than any other moment in the band’s career, and for all that it’s easy to mock that as the kind of thing every ‘sensitive’ teenager ever has thought, ‘sensitive’ teenagers need music too.
However, for a song whose sentiments basically boil down to “nobody likes me, everybody hates me, think I’ll go eat worms”, the music really is exquisitely constructed. Like much of Pet Sounds there’s no drum kit until the chorus, the song being driven by harpsichord and bass in the verses and Frank Capp’s clip-clop percussion in the bridges, with Hal Blaine adding punctuating timpani in the second verse. And in the choruses we have a wonderfully bizarre mix of instruments – Blaine’s drum kit being almost clodhopping in its straightforwardness, while Don Randi’s barrelhouse piano, way down in the mix, chases the percussion around like a soundtrack to a silent comedy, before breaking down into a heartbreaking little melodic fragment played simultaneously on tenor sax and theremin (actually an electro-theremin, an instrument invented by session player Paul Tanner, that sounded like a theremin but was easier to play accurately).
To my ears, Brian is the only Beach Boy on the track, but there’s a whole *stack* of Brians. On the chorus we have three of him singing “O cuando sere, un dia sere” (Spanish for “when will I be, one day I will be”), while at each repetition is introduced a further Brian with a further repeated line – one singing “sometimes I feel very sad”, one singing “Ain’t found nothing to put my heart and soul into” a little higher, and finally, so high he’s almost screaming, one singing “People I know don’t wanna be where I’m at”.
A gorgeous song, however immature the sentiment.
Pet Sounds
An exotica-flavoured track, this owes equally to three separate influences. Most obviously there’s Jack Nitzsche’s surf instrumentals, like The Lonely Surfer or Surf Finger, which share the clip-clopping feel and reverbed Fender guitar. (So close are the similarities that when REM recorded their tribute to Nitzsche, 2JN, it came out sounding far more like this track than any of Nitzsche’s…)
Second there’s the exotica of Martin Denny and Les Baxter, with the reverbed percussion and mildly dissonant horns.
And finally there’s John Barry’s work on the James Bond scores (this track was originally titled “Run, James, Run”, and was half-intended to be submitted to the Bond film producers), particularly the way Barry’s arrangement of Monty Norman’s James Bond Theme had the melody played on electric guitar over a repetitive vamp.
The whole thing adds up to a minor track, but a pleasant rest between two of the most emotionally intense tracks on the album.
Caroline, No
The final track on the album is almost a musical rewrite of Don’t Talk, having the same feel and many of the same chord relations and voicings (the Fm7/Ab – Ebm7/Db change under the verses here being very similar to the Db7-Abm7 changes in the choruses to the earlier song). However, where there the music had been in the service of a feeling of comfort and love, here it is in the service of a song about hurt, and lost innocence (this song’s similarity to Wonderful from the next album has never, in my view, been adequately explored).
Originally titled “Oh Carol, I know”, the more negative title came from Brian mishearing Tony Asher, and it’s a shame, because the earlier title is less judgemental than this one. However, this did lead to the rather smart wordplay in the second verse, where instead of “Oh Caroline No” he sings “Oh Caroline you” (oh carol, I knew).
This was originally recorded a semitone slower, and was sped up on the advice of Brian’s father, Murry Wilson, ‘to make him sound younger’. One of the few decent bits of advice Murry ever gave, this stopped the track from feeling quite so dirge-like, and made it a fitting close to the album. Outside that context, it was released as a solo single for Brian and made the lower reaches of the US Top 40.
From its opening percussion (played on water bottles) to the closing sound of a train being barked at by two dogs (Brian’s dogs Banana and Louie) the whole song has a melancholy air that is the absolute antithesis of the album’s hopeful opening. But you can always turn the album over and start again. Maybe next time it’ll end differently…
Bonus track
Various bonus tracks, usually alternate versions of tracks on the album, have been issued on the different CD issues of this album, but one that is there consistently is Trombone Dixie. An instrumental that was never released at the time, and recorded around the start of sessions for the album, it’s pleasant enough, bearing a strong resemblance both to Wouldn’t It Be Nice and especially to the late-1965 single The Little Girl I Once Knew, and having some ideas that Brian would come back to for Holidays on Smile. But it’s a minor work and it’s easy to see why it was left off the finished album.
On remastering…
It’s difficult to know that the reader is listening to the same recording as I am – Pet Sounds having been reissued, remastered, and generally messed-around with more than any other album I own.
It was issued on CD in 1990, in a rather flat mix with a ton of noise reduction, making for a listenable CD but with little top end. A Pet Sounds Sessions box set came out in 1997, with a newly remastered version with no noise reduction (which I personally find unlistenable due to the tape hiss) but with a brilliantly clear new stereo mix (which crucially missed a few overdubs) and with tons of session recordings.
Another CD issue came out in 2001, with yet another remastering job on the mono mix and a slightly altered stereo mix (including some but not all of the formerly-missing overdubs). And yet another CD version came out in 2006… (that’s not to mention the live CD of Brian Wilson performing the entire album live, or the live DVD…)
I only own the box set version on CD, but for discussions of this album I will be using the mono version in the 2001 master, which can be found on Spotify here. To hear significant details, however, you may well want to listen to the isolated backing tracks, isolated vocals, outtakes, alternate versions and session recordings on The Pet Sounds Sessions box set, which can be found on Spotify here.
Next week – Good Vibrations
Extra linkblog
My friend Mike has pointed out to me in the comments to yesterday’s linkblog that I unaccountably failed to link this. As well as commenting here (and on various other blogs by Good People such as Millennium and Andrew Rilstone) and having his own excellent blog on programming (see the sidebar), Mike is a palaeontologist, and has co-discovered a new species of dinosaur, Brontomerus mcintoshi. It’s old news now (I read it on SV-POW! nearly a week after it happened, then had no internet for a week and by the time it came back I thought I must have already linked it) but it’s still a genuinely exciting achievement. Congratulations, Mike!
Linkblogging For 07/03/11
And we’re back… we’ve got net access back now, at least. But I’m still getting through the backlog of a week with no internet, so don’t expect a proper post til tomorrow, when I’ll be finishing off my Pet Sounds post which I started on Tuesday last week. Then on Wednesday I’m going to do the next part of How We Know What We Know, and the next Cerebus post will be (YooHWHoo willing) on Friday. I’ll try to get round to replying to the comments from the last week or so soon too.
Meanwhile, links:
Van Dyke Parks is to release five new singles, as collaborations with different visual artists, including Art Spiegelman
Lisa Ansell, a Labour blogger, on what can really be learned from the Barnsley by-election. Jonathan at Liberal England explains why it was bad for everyone.
Andrew Rilstone on Liz Jones and journalism














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